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The legal and cultural expectations for date and time representation vary between countries, and it is important to be aware of the forms of all-numeric calendar dates used in a particular country to know what date is intended.
Writers have traditionally written abbreviated dates according to their local custom, creating all-numeric equivalents to day–month formats such as '24 December 2021' (24/12/21, 24/12/2021, 24-12-2021 or 24.12.2021) and month–day formats such as 'December 24, 2021' (12/24/21 or 12/24/2021). This can result in dates that are impossible to understand correctly without knowing the writer's origin and/or other contextual details, as dates such as '10/11/06' can be interpreted as '10 November 2006' in the DMY format, 'October 11, 2006' in MDY, and '2010 November 6' in YMD.
The ISO 8601 format YYYY-MM-DD (2021-12-24) is intended to harmonize these formats and ensure accuracy in all situations. Many countries have adopted it as their sole official date format, though even in these areas writers may adopt abbreviated formats that are no longer recommended.
Usage map[edit]
Colour | Order styles | End | Main regions and countries (population of each region in millions) | Total population (millions) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cyan | DMY | L | Europe: Italy (60), Ukraine (42), Romania (19), Netherlands (17), others (65) North America: Mexico (127), various Caribbean islands (26) Central America: Guatemala (18), Honduras (9.2), others (19) South America: Brazil (210), Colombia (51), Argentina (45), Peru (32), Venezuela (32), others (43) North Africa: Egypt (99), Algeria (43), Morocco (35), Tunisia (12), others (11) West, Central, and SouthernAfrica: Nigeria (193), Ethiopia (99), DRC (87), Tanzania (56), Sudan (41), Uganda (40), others (323) West Asia: Turkey (82), Iraq (40), Saudi Arabia (33), Yemen (30), others (107) Central Asia: Tajikistan (8.9), Kyrgyzstan (6.4), Turkmenistan (5.9) East and Southeast Asia: Indonesia (268), Thailand (66), Cambodia (16), others (8.9) South Asia: Pakistan (212), Bangladesh (166) Oceania: Australia (25), Papua New Guinea (8.6), New Zealand (5.0), others (5.5) | 2,865 |
YMD | B | China (1,398), Japan (126), South Korea (52), North Korea (25), Taiwan (24), Hungary (10), Mongolia (3.3), Lithuania (2.8), Bhutan (0.74). | 1,641 | |
Magenta | MDY | M | Some U.S. island territories (0.55) | 0.55 |
DMY, YMD | L, B | India (1,366), Russia (147), Vietnam (95), Germany (83), Iran (82), France (67), United Kingdom (66), Myanmar (54), Spain (47), Poland (38), Uzbekistan (33), Afghanistan (32), Nepal (30), Cameroon (24), Sri Lanka (22), others (131) | 2,402 | |
Blue | DMY, MDY | L, M | Philippines (107), Malaysia (33), Somalia (16), Togo (7.5), Panama (4.2), Puerto Rico (3.2), Cayman Islands (0.63), Greenland (0.056) | 171.6 |
MDY, YMD | M, B | United States (328) | 329 | |
Grey | MDY, YMD, DMY | M, B, L | South Africa (60), Kenya (52), Canada (38), Ghana (30) | 180 |
Sep 29, 2017 German Dating Culture. Dating in Germany is still more traditional than in the United States. A man is always expected to ask a woman for a date, never the reverse. The man pays for the date and if the girl is still living with her parents, the man brings flowers to her mother. German women do flirt and leave hints to their men of interest.
Listing[edit]
Table coding[edit]
- All examples use example date 2016-04-22 / 2016 April 22 / 22 April 2016 / April 22, 2016 – except where a single-digit day is illustrated.
Basic components of a calendar date for the most common calendar systems:
- D – day
- M – month
- Y – year
Order of the basic components:
- B – big-endian (year, month, day), e.g. 2016-04-22 or 2016.04.22 or 2016/04/22 or 2016 April 22
- L – little-endian (day, month, year), e.g. 22.04.2016 22-04-2016 or 22 April 2016
- M – middle-endian (month, day, year), e.g. 04/22/2016 or April 22, 2016
Specific formats for the basic components:
- yy – two-digit year, e.g. 16
- yyyy – four-digit year, e.g. 2016
- m – one-digit month for months below 10, e.g. 4
- mm – two-digit month, e.g. 04
- mmm – three-letter abbreviation for month, e.g. Apr
- mmmm – month spelled out in full, e.g. April
- d – one-digit day of the month for days below 10, e.g. 2
- dd – two-digit day of the month, e.g. 02
- ddd – three-letter abbreviation for day of the week, e.g. Sat
- dddd – day of the week spelled out in full, e.g. Saturday
Separators of the components:
/
– oblique stroke (slash).
– full stop, dot or point (period)-
– hyphen (dash)- – space
Country | All-numeric date format | Details | ISO 8601 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
YMD | DMY | MDY | |||
Afghanistan | Yes | Yes | No | Short format: d/m/yyyy (Year first, month, and day in right-to-left writing direction) Long format: yyyy mmmm d (Day first, full month name, and year in right-to-left writing direction) | |
Åland Islands | Yes | Yes | No | Short format: yyyy-mm-dd Long format: d mmmm yyyy | |
Albania | Yes | Yes | No | dd/mm/yyyy Some YMD[1][2][3] | |
Algeria | No | Yes | No | [4] (dd/mm/yyyy)[5] | |
American Samoa | No | No | Yes | (mm/dd/yy) | |
Andorra | No | Yes | No | ||
Angola | No | Yes | No | ||
Anguilla | No | Yes | No | ||
Antigua and Barbuda | No | Yes | No | ||
Argentina | Sometimes | Yes | No | Numeric format: yyyyMMdd (Example: 20030613) Short format: dd/MM/yy (Example: 13/06/03) Medium format: dd/MM/yyyy (Example: 13/06/2003) Long format: d' de 'MMMM' de 'yyyy (Example: 13 de junio de 2003) Full format: EEEE d' de 'MMMM' de 'yyyy (Example: viernes 13 de junio de 2003).[6] | |
Armenia | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[7][8] | |
Aruba | No | Yes | No | [9] | |
Australia | Rarely | Yes | Sometimes | mmmm d, yyyy is sometimes used, usually informally in the mastheads of magazines and newspapers,[10][11] and in advertisements, video games, news, and TV shows, especially those emanating from the United States. MDY in numeric-only form is never used. | AS ISO 8601-2007 |
Austria | Yes | Yes | No | (Using dots (which denote ordinal numbering) as in d.m.(yy)yy or sometimes d. month (yy)yy).[12][13] | ÖNORM ISO 8601 |
Azerbaijan | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[14] | |
Bahamas | No | Yes | No | [citation needed] | |
Bahrain | No | Yes | No | [15] | |
Bangladesh | No | Yes | No | Not officially standardised. Bengali calendar dates are also used: দদ-মম-বববব | |
Barbados | No | Yes | No | BNS 50:2000[16] | |
Belarus | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[17][18] | |
Belgium | No | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy)[19] or (dd.mm.yyyy)[20][21] | NBN Z 01-002 |
Belize | No | Yes | No | [22] | |
Benin | No | Yes | No | ||
Bermuda | No | Yes | No | ||
Bhutan | Yes | No | No | ||
Bolivia | No | Yes | No | [23] | |
Bonaire | No | Yes | No | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | No | Yes | No | (d. m. yyyy. or d. mmmm yyyy.) | |
Botswana | Yes | Yes | No | yyyy-mm-dd for Setswana and dd/mm/yyyy for English | |
Brazil | No | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy)[24][25] | |
British Indian Ocean Territory | No | Yes | No | ||
British Virgin Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Brunei | No | Yes | No | [26] | |
Bulgaria | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[27][28] | |
Burkina Faso | No | Yes | No | ||
Burundi | No | Yes | No | ||
Cambodia | No | Yes | No | Short format: dd/mm/yy Long format: d mmmm yyyy | |
Cameroon | Yes | Yes | No | (d)d/(m)m/yyyy or d mmmm yyyy for Aghem, Bafia, Basaa, Duala, English, Ewondo, French, Fula, Kako, Kwasio, Mundang, Ngiemboon and Yangben yyyy-mm-dd for Meta' and Ngomba | |
Canada | Yes | Yes | Yes | ISO 8601 is the only format that the Government of Canada and Standards Council of Canada officially recommend for all-numeric dates.[29][30][31] However, usage differs with context.[32][33] All three long forms are used in Canada. For English speakers, MDY (mmmm-dd-yyyy) (example: April 9, 2019) is usually preferred. This form is used by nearly all English-language publications and media company products as well as the majority of government documents written in English.[citation needed] For French and sometimes English speakers, DMY (dd-mmmm-yyyy) is used (example: 9 April 2019/le 9 avril 2019). This form is used in formal letters, academic papers, military, many media companies and some government documents, particularly in French-language ones. Federal regulations for shelf life dates on perishable goods mandate a year/month/day format, but allow the month to be written in full, in both official languages, or with a set of standardized two-letter bilingual codes such as 2019 JA 07 or 19 JA 07. | CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 (R2007)[34] |
Cape Verde | No | Yes | No | ||
Cayman Islands | No | Yes | Yes | DMY and MDY are used interchangeably. Official forms generally tend towards DMY. Month is often spelled out to avoid confusion.[citation needed] | |
Central African Republic | No | Yes | No | ||
Chad | No | Yes | No | ||
Chile | No | Yes | No | [35] | |
China | Yes | No | No | National standard format is yyyy-mm-dd (with leading zeroes) and (yy)yy年(m)m月(d)d日 (with or without leading zeroes)[36] Uyghur languages in Xinjiang usually give date examples in the form 2017-يىل 18-ئاۋغۇست or 2017-8-18 (i.e. yyyy-d-mmm) but this form is never used when writing in Chinese;[37] casually many people use (yy)yy/(m)m/(d)d or (yy)yy.(m)m.(d)d (with or without leading zeroes). See Dates in Chinese. | GB/T 7408-2005 |
Christmas Island | No | Yes | No | ||
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Colombia | No | Yes | No | [38] | |
Comoros | No | Yes | No | ||
Congo (East and West) | No | Yes | No | ||
Cook Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Costa Rica | No | Yes | No | [39] | |
Croatia | No | Yes | No | (d. m. yyyy. or d. mmmm yyyy.)[40][41] See Date and time notation in Croatia for details on cases used. | |
Cuba | Yes | Yes | No | [42] | |
Curaçao | No | Yes | No | ||
Cyprus | No | Yes | No | dd/mm/yyyy [43] | |
Czech Republic | Yes | Yes | No | (d. m. yyyy or d. month yyyy)[44][45] | ČSN ISO 8601 |
Denmark | Yes | Yes | No | Examples: Long date: 7. juni 1994. Long date with weekday: onsdag(,) den 21. december 1994. Numeric date: 1994-06-07[46] (The format dd.mm.(yy)yy is the traditional Danish date format.[47] The international format yyyy-mm-dd or yyyymmdd is also accepted, though this format is not commonly used. The formats d. 'month name' yyyy and in handwriting d/m-yy or d/m yyyy are also acceptable.[48]) | DS/ISO 8601:2005[49] |
Djibouti | Yes | Yes | No | Short format: dd/mm/yyyy (Day first, month number and year in left-to-right writing direction) in Afar, French and Somali ('d/m/yy' is a common alternative). Gregorian dates follow the same rules but tend to be written in the yyyy/m/d format (Day first, month number, and year in right-to-left writing direction) in Arabic language. Long format: d mmmm yyyy or mmmm dd, yyyy (Day first, full month name, and year or first full month name, day, and year, in left-to-right writing direction) in Afar, French and Somali and yyyy ،mmmm d (Day first, full month name, and year in right-to-left writing direction) in Arabic | |
Dominica | No | Yes | No | ||
Dominican Republic | No | Yes | No | [50] | |
East Timor | No | Yes | No | ||
Ecuador | No | Yes | No | [51] | |
Egypt | No | Yes | No | [52][53] | |
El Salvador | No | Yes | No | [54] | |
Equatorial Guinea | No | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy or d mmmm yyyy) for French and Spanish | |
Eritrea | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | Short format: dd/mm/yyyy for Afar, Bilen, English, Saho, Tigre and Tigrinya. Gregorian dates follow the same rules but tend to be written in the yyyy/m/d (Day first, month number and year in right-to-left writing direction) format in Arabic language. Long format: D MMMM YYYY (Day first, full month name, and year in left-to-right writing direction) for Bilen, English, Tigre and Tigrinya, YYYY ،MMMM D (Day first, full month name, and year in right-to-left writing direction) for Arabic and MMMM DD, YYYY (First full month name, day and year in left-to-right writing direction) for Afar and Saho | |
Estonia | No | Yes | No | dd.mm.yyyy, d.m.(yy)yy or d. mmmm yyyy (mmmm may be substituted by Roman numerals)[55] | |
Eswatini (Swaziland) | Yes | Yes | No | YMD (in Swati), DMY (in English) | |
Ethiopia | No | Yes | Sometimes | (dd/mm/yyyy or dd mmmm yyyy) for Amharic, Tigrinya and Wolaytta (dd/mm/yyyy or mmmm dd, yyyy) for Afar, Oromo and Somali[56] | |
Falkland Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Faroe Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Federated States of Micronesia | No | No | Yes | [57] | |
Finland | No | Yes | Sometimes | Finnish: d.m.yyyy[58] or in long format d. mmmm yyyy Inari Sami: mmmm d. p. yyyy Northern Sami: mmmm d. b. yyyy Skolt Sami: mmmm d. p. yyyy Swedish: d mmmm yyyy (Note: Month and year can be shortened) | |
Fiji | No | Yes | No | ||
France | Yes | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy) for Alsatian, Catalan, Corsican, French and Occitan[59][60] (yyyy-mm-dd) for Breton, Basque and Interlingua | NF Z69-200 |
French Guiana | No | Yes | No | ||
French Polynesia | No | Yes | No | ||
Gabon | No | Yes | No | ||
Gambia | No | Yes | No | ||
Georgia | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy) (In Georgian calendar dates, century digits may be omitted, e.g., dd-mm-yy.) | |
Germany | Yes | Yes | No | The format dd.mm.yyyy using dots (which denote ordinal numbering) is the traditional German date format.[61] Since 1996-05-01, the international format yyyy-mm-dd has become the official standard date format, but the handwritten form d. mmmm yyyy is also accepted (see DIN 5008). Standardisation applies to all applications in the scope of the standard including uses in government, education, engineering and sciences. Since 2006, the old format (d)d.(m)m.(yy)yy is allowed again as alternative to the yyyy-mm-dd format in areas where there is no risk of ambiguation. See Date and time notation in Europe. | DIN ISO 8601:2006-09, used in DIN 5008:2011-04[62] |
Ghana | Yes | Yes | Yes | (yyyy/mm/dd) for Akan (dd/mm/yyyy) (m/d/yyyy) for Ewe[citation needed] | |
Gibraltar | No | Yes | No | ||
Greece | No | Yes | No | [63][64] | ELOT EN 28601 |
Greenland | No | Yes | No | Danish: d. mmmm yyyy Greenlandic: mmmm d.-at, yyyy[65][citation needed] | |
Grenada | No | Yes | No | ||
Guadeloupe | No | Yes | No | ||
Guam | No | No | Yes | [citation needed] | |
Guatemala | No | Yes | No | Short format: dd/mm/yyyy Long format: d de mmmm de yyyy or dddd, d de mmmm de yyyy[66] | |
Guernsey | No | Yes | No | ||
Guinea | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | Short format: dd/mm/yyyy (Day first, month and year in left-to-right writing direction) in French and Fulah. Gregorian dates follow the same rules but tend to be written in yyyy/mm/dd (Day first, month number, and year in right-to-left writing direction) format in N'ko language. Long format: D MMMM YYYY (Day first, month and year in left-to-right writing direction) for French and Fulah and YYYY, DD MMMM (First full month name, day, and year in right-to-left writing direction) for N'ko | |
Guinea-Bissau | No | Yes | No | ||
Guyana | No | Yes | No | ||
Haiti | No | Yes | No | ||
Hong Kong | Yes | Yes | Rarely | (yy)yy年m月d日 (with no leading zeros) for Chinese[67] and (d)d/(m)m/(yy)yy for British English. Both expanded forms dd-mmmm-yyyy and mmmm-dd-yyyy are used interchangeably in Hong Kong, except the latter was more frequently used in media publications and commercial purpose, such as The Standard. | |
Honduras | No | Yes | No | [68] | |
Hungary | Yes | Rarely | No | yyyy. mm. (d)d. The year is always written with Arabic numerals.The number of the month is usually written with Arabic numerals but it also can be written with Roman numerals (old-fashioned style), or the month's full name can be written out, the first letter not being capitalised.The day is also written with Arabic numerals.[69][70][71][72]English language materials use DMY. | MSZ ISO 8601:2003 |
Iceland | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[73][74] | IST EN 28601:1992 |
India | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | In India, the DD-MM-YY is the predominant short form of the numeric date usage. Almost all government documents need to be filled up in the DD-MM-YYYY format. An example of DD-MM-YYYY usage is the passport application form.[75][76][77] Though not yet a common practice, the BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) of the Government of India introduced the standard named 'IS 7900:2001 (Revised in 2006) Data Elements And Interchange Formats – Information Interchange – Representation Of Dates And Times' which officially recommends use of the date format YYYYMMDD,[citation needed] for example, 20130910 or 2013 09 10, or 2013-09-10 for the date 10 September 2013; in the language Bodo in date format MM/DD/YYYY. Majority of English-language newspapers and media publications in India use MMMM/DD/YYYY. | IS 7900:2001 |
Indonesia | No | Yes | Rarely | On English-written materials, Indonesians tend to use the M-D-Y but was more widely used in non-governmental contexts. English-language governmental and academic documents use DMY. | |
Iran, Islamic Republic of | Yes | Yes | No | Short format: yyyy/mm/dd[78] in Persian Calendar system ('yy/m/d' is a common alternative). Gregorian dates follow the same rules in Persian literature but tend to be written in the dd/mm/yyyy format in official English documents.[79] Long format: YYYY MMMM D (Day first, full month name, and year in right-to-left writing direction)[78] | |
Iraq | No | Yes | No | Short format: (dd/mm/yyyy)[80] | |
Ireland | No | Yes | No | (dd-mm-yyyy). dd/mm/yyyy is also in common use[81][82] | IS/EN 28601:1993 |
Isle of Man | No | Yes | No | ||
Israel | No | Yes | No | The format dd.mm.yyyy using dots is the common format. dd/mm/yyyy is also in common use. The Jewish calendar is in limited use, mainly for jewish holidays, and follows the DMY format.[83][84][85] | |
Italy | Yes | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy)[86] (yyyy/mm/dd) also sometimes used, especially in computing contexts. | UNI EN 28601 |
Ivory Coast | No | Yes | No | ||
Jamaica | Yes | Yes | No | [87] | |
Jan Mayen | No | Yes | No | ||
Japan | Yes | No | No | Often in the form yyyy年mm月dd日;[36] sometimes Japanese era year is used, e.g. 平成18年12月30日.[88] | JIS X 0301:2002 |
Jersey | No | Yes | No | ||
Jordan | No | Yes | No | [89][90] | |
Kazakhstan | Sometimes | Yes | No | Short format: (yyyy.dd.mm) in Kazakh[91] and (dd.mm.(yy)yy) in Russian[92] Long format: yyyy 'ж'. d mmmm in Kazakh;[93] d MMMM yyyy in Russian Full format in Kazakh: yyyy 'ж'. dd mmmm | |
Kenya | Yes | Yes | Yes | (yy/mm/dd)[94] (dd/mm/yyyy) (m/d/yyyy) for Swahili[95] | |
Kiribati | No | Yes | No | ||
North Korea | Yes | No | No | [36] | |
South Korea | Yes | No | No | National standard format is yyyy-mm-dd (with leading zeroes) and (yy)yy년 (m)m월 (d)d일 (with or without leading zeroes)[36][96] casually many people use (yy)yy.(m)m.(d)d(.) (with or without leading zeroes, with or without the last full stop). | KS X ISO 8601 |
Kosovo | No | Yes | No | ||
Kuwait | No | Yes | No | [97] | |
Kyrgyz Republic | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[98] | |
Lao People's Democratic Republic | No | Yes | No | [99] | |
Latvia | No | Yes | No | Short format: dd.mm.yyyy.[100] Long format: yyyy. gada d. mmmm | |
Lebanon | No | Yes | No | [101] | |
Lesotho | Yes | Yes | No | yyyy-mm-dd for Sesotho and dd/mm/yyyy for English | |
Liberia | No | Yes | No | ||
Libya | No | Yes | No | [102] | |
Liechtenstein | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[103] | |
Lithuania | Yes | No | No | (yyyy-mm-dd)[104] yyyy <m.> <month in genitive> d <d.> | LST ISO 8601:1997 (obsolete) LST ISO 8601:2006 (current)[105] |
Luxembourg | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[106] | ITM-EN 28601 |
Macau | Yes | Yes | No | YMD (same as Hong Kong)[107] DMY (in Portuguese and English) | |
Madagascar | No | Yes | No | ||
Malawi | No | Yes | No | ||
Malaysia | No | Yes | No | dd-mm-yyyy[108] | |
Maldives | Yes | Yes | No | Short format: yy/mm/dd (Day first, month next and year last in right-to-left writing direction) Long format: dd mmmm yyyy (Year first, full month name and day last in right-to-left writing direction) | |
Mali | No | Yes | No | ||
Malta | No | Yes | No | ||
Marshall Islands | No | No | Yes | [109][citation needed] | |
Martinique | No | Yes | No | ||
Mauritania | No | Yes | No | ||
Mauritius | No | Yes | No | ||
Mayotte | No | Yes | No | ||
Mexico | No | Yes | No | [110] | NOM-008-SCFI-2002 |
Moldova | No | Yes | No | ||
Monaco | No | Yes | No | [111] | |
Mongolia | Yes | No | No | National standard format is yyyy-mm-dd (with leading zeroes) and yyyy оны (m)m сарын (d)d (with or without leading zeroes) Traditional Mongolian languages in Mongolia usually give date examples in the form 2017ᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ 2ᠡᠳᠦᠷ but this form is never used when writing in Mongolian Cyrillic; casually many people use yyyy/(m)m/(d)d or yyyy.(m)m.(d)d (with or without leading zeroes).[112] | MNS-ISO 8601 |
Montenegro | No | Yes | No | Both d.m.yyyy. and dd.mm.yyyy. are accepted. A period is used as a separator and after the year because the Montenegrin language writes these numbers as ordinal numbers that are written as the corresponding cardinal number, with a period at the end. [113] | |
Montserrat | No | Yes | No | ||
Morocco | No | Yes | No | [114] | |
Mozambique | No | Yes | No | ||
Myanmar | Yes | Yes | No | YMD for Burmese calendar. DMY for Gregorian calendar. | |
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[14][8] | |
Namibia | Yes | Yes | No | DMY[115] | |
Nauru | No | Yes | No | ||
Nepal | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | DMY,[citation needed] YMD in official Nepali Vikram Samvat calendar (also see Nepal Sambat which is also in use); m/d/y is used in newspapers (English language) and PCs[116] | |
Netherlands | No | Yes | No | Using hyphens as in 'dd-mm-yyyy'.[117] | NEN ISO 8601, NEN EN 28601, NEN 2772 |
New Caledonia | No | Yes | No | ||
New Zealand | No | Yes | No | [118] | |
Nicaragua | No | Yes | No | [119] | |
Niger | No | Yes | No | ||
Nigeria | No | Yes | Sometimes | Short format: (d)d/(m)m/(yy)yy for Edo, English, Fulani, Hausa, Ibibio, Igbo, Kanuri and Yoruba language[120] Long format: d mmmm yyyy for English, Hausa and Igbo and mmmm dd, yyyy for Edo, Fulani, Ibibio, Kanuri and Yoruba language | |
Niue | No | Yes | No | ||
Norfolk Island | No | Yes | No | ||
North Macedonia | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[121] | |
Northern Mariana Islands | No | No | Yes | [122][citation needed] | |
Norway | Yes | Yes | Rarely | dd.mm.yyyy; leading zeroes and century digits may be omitted, e.g., 10.02.16; ddmmyy (six figures, no century digits, no delimiters) allowed in tables. ISO dates yyyy-mm-dd can be used for 'technical' purposes. The fraction form d/m-y is incorrect, but is common and considered passable in handwriting. Lule Sami and Southern Sami dates mmmm d. b. yyyy.[123] | NS-ISO 8601[124] |
Oman | No | Yes | No | [125] | |
Pakistan | No | Yes | No | ||
Palestine (Palestinian Authority, West Bank and Gaza Strip) | No | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy) | |
Palau | No | Yes | Rarely | [126] Formerly including: (m)m/(d)d/(yy)yy in English and (yy)yy/m(m)/(d)d in Japanese | |
Panama | No | Yes | Yes | Short format: mm/dd/yyyy Long format: d de mmmm de yyyy[127] | |
Papua New Guinea | No | Yes | No | ||
Paraguay | No | Yes | No | [128] | |
Peru | No | Yes | No | [129] | |
Philippines | No | Yes | Yes | Long formats: English: mmmm d, yyyy DMY dates are also used occasionally, primarily by, but not limited to, government institutions such as on the data page of passports, and immigration and customs forms. Filipino: ika-d ng mmmm, yyyy[130] (Note: Month and year can be shortened. Filipino dates may also be written in mmmm d, yyyy format in civil use but still pronounced as above.) Short/numerical format: mm/dd/yyyy for both languages. | |
Pitcairn Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Poland | Yes | Yes | No | Traditional format (DMY): (dd.mm.yyyy,[131] often with dots as separators; more official is d <month in genitive> yyyy, or, less frequently, d <month in Roman numerals> yyyy)[132][133] Official format (YMD):The ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format is used in official documents, banks, computer systems and the internet in Poland. | PN-90/N-01204 |
Portugal | Yes | Yes | No | Mostly (dd/mm/yyyy) and (dd-mm-yyyy); some newer documents use (yyyy-mm-dd).[134] | NP EN 28601 |
Puerto Rico | No | Yes | Yes | English: mmmm d, yyyy Spanish: d de mmmm de yyyy | |
Qatar | No | Yes | No | [135] | |
Réunion | No | Yes | No | ||
Romania | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[136][137] Also widely used: (d)d-mmm-yyyy (3 letters of month name with the notable exception of Nov for November, which would otherwise be noiembrie) and (d)d-XII-yyyy (month number as a Roman numeral with lines above AND below, slowly deprecating) | |
Russian Federation | Yes | Yes | No | yyyy-mm-dd | GOST R 7.0.64-2018 GOST R 7.0.97-2016 |
Rwanda | Yes | Yes | No | (yyyy/mm/dd or yyyy mmmm dd) for Kinyarwanda (dd/mm/yyyy or d mmmm yyyy) for English and French | |
Saba | No | Yes | No | ||
Saint Barthélemy | No | Yes | No | ||
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | No | Yes | No | [139] | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | No | Yes | No | ||
Saint Lucia | No | Yes | No | ||
Saint Martin | No | Yes | No | [140] | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | No | Yes | No | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | No | Yes | No | ||
Samoa | No | Yes | No | ||
San Marino | No | Yes | No | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | No | Yes | No | ||
Saudi Arabia | No | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy in Islamic and Gregorian calendar systems,[141][142] | |
Senegal | No | Yes | No | ||
Serbia | No | Yes | No | (d.m.yyyy. or d. mmmm yyyy.)[143][144][145][146] | |
Seychelles | No | Yes | No | ||
Sierra Leone | No | Yes | No | ||
Singapore | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | (Chinese representation: yyyy年m月d日, no leading zeroes)[147] DMY in english and other official languages[148] MDY (in long format) also sometimes used, especially in media publications, commercial usage, and some governmental websites.[citation needed] | |
Sint Eustatius | No | Yes | No | ||
Sint Maarten | No | Yes | No | ||
Slovakia | No | Yes | No | (d. m. yyyy)[149] | |
Slovenia | No | Yes | No | (d. m. yyyy or d. mmmm yyyy)[150] | |
Solomon Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Somalia | No | Yes | No | Short format: dd/mm/yyyy | |
South Africa | Yes | Yes | Yes | (yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy mmmm d) (yyyy/mm/dd, yyyy-mm-dd or dd mmmm yyyy) (m/d/yyyy or mmmm d, yyyy) for Zulu[citation needed] | SANS 8601:2009[151] |
Spain | Yes | Yes | No | (dd/mm/yyyy) for Asturian, Catalan, Galician, Spanish and Valencian[152] (yyyy/mm/dd) for Basque | UNE EN 28601 |
Sri Lanka | Yes | Yes | Rarely | (yyyy-mm-dd) for Sinhala and (d-m-yyyy) for Tamil English-language media and commercial publications use Month-day-year in long format, but only Day-month-year format (both long and short numeric) are used in governmental and other English documents of official contexts. | |
Sudan | No | Yes | No | ||
South Sudan | No | Yes | No | ||
Suriname | No | Yes | No | ||
Svalbard | No | Yes | No | ||
Sweden | Yes | Yes | No | National standard format is yyyy-mm-dd.[153] dd/mm/yyyy format is used in some places where it is required by EU regulations, for example for best-before dates on food[154] and on driver's licenses. d/m format is used casually, when the year is obvious from the context, and for date ranges, e.g. 28-31/8 for 28–31 August. The textual format is 'd mmmm yyyy' or 'den d mmmm yyyy'. | SS-ISO 8601 |
Switzerland | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy or d. mmmm yyyy) for French, German, Italian and Romansh[155][failed verification][156] | SN ISO 8601:2005-08 |
Syrian Arab Republic | No | Yes | No | [157] | |
Taiwan | Yes | No | No | Short format: yyyy/(m)m/(d)d[158] or yyyy-mm-dd[159] Long format: yyyy年m月d日, year might be represented using ROC era system: 民國95年12月30日.[160] | CNS 7648 |
Tajikistan | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy)[161] | |
Tanzania | No | Yes | No | ||
Thailand | No | Yes | No | dd/mm/yyyy (with Buddhist Era years instead of Common Era)[162] | TIS 1111:2535 in 1992 |
Togo | No | Yes | Yes | (dd/mm/yyyy) in French and (mm/dd/(yy)yy) in Ewe | |
Tokelau | No | Yes | No | ||
Tonga | No | Yes | No | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | No | Yes | No | [163] | |
Tunisia | No | Yes | No | [164] | |
Turkey | No | Yes | No | Short format: dd.mm.yyyy[165][166] Long format: d mmmm yyyy Full format: d mmmm yyyy dddd[167] | |
Turkmenistan | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.(yy)yy ý.), yyyy-nji ýylyň d-nji mmmm[168][169] | |
Turks and Caicos Islands | No | Yes | No | ||
Tuvalu | No | Yes | No | ||
Uganda | No | Yes | No | ||
Ukraine | No | Yes | No | (dd.mm.(yy)yy;[170][171] some cases of dd/mm/yyyy[172]) | |
United Arab Emirates | No | Yes | No | [173][174] | |
United Kingdom | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | Most style guides follow the DMY convention by recommending d mmmm yyyy (sometimes written dd/mm/yyyy) format in articles (e.g. The Guardian's, and the Oxford Style Manual).[175][176] Some newspapers use dddd mmmm d, yyyy for both the banner and articles,[177] while others stick to DMY for both.[178] In addition, YMD with four-digit year is used increasingly especially in applications associated with computers, and as per British standard BS ISO 8601:2004,[179] avoiding the ambiguity of the numerical versions of the DMY/MDY formats. | BS ISO 8601:2004 |
United States Minor Outlying Islands | No | No | Yes | ||
United States of America | Sometimes | Rarely | Yes | (Civilian vernacular: m/d/yy or m/d/yyyy;[180][181] other formats, especially d mmm(m) yyyy (but no short DMY formats) and yyyy-mm-dd (but rarely any other short YMD formats and rarely any long YMD formats), are sometimes prescribed or used—particularly in military, academic, scientific, computing, industrial, or governmental contexts. See Date and time notation in the United States.) | ANSI INCITS 30-1997 (R2008) and NIST FIPS PUB 4-2 |
United States Virgin Islands | No | No | Yes | [182] | |
Uruguay | No | Yes | No | [183][184] | |
Uzbekistan | Yes | Yes | No | (dd.mm.yyyy Cyrillic, dd/mm yyyy Latin)[185][186][187] | |
Vanuatu | No | Yes | No | ||
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | No | Yes | No | [188][189][190] | |
Vietnam | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | Long format: 'Ngày (d)d tháng (m)m năm yyyy' (leading zeros required by Circular No. 01/2011/TT-BNV by the Ministry of Home Affairs)[191] or ngày (d)d tháng (month in textform) năm yyyy. Short format (interchangeably): (d)d/(m)m/yyyy or (d)d-(m)m-yyyy; (d)d.(m)m.yyyy is also in use.[192] In English documents:
In historical documents: era names năm thứ _ tháng [m]m (or in textform) ngày(mồng) [d]d (or in textform). | |
Wallis and Futuna | No | Yes | No | ||
Yemen | No | Yes | No | [195][196] | |
Zambia | No | Yes | No | ||
Zimbabwe | Yes | No | No | [197] |
See also[edit]
- Common Locale Data Repository, a database that covers national date and time notations
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- ^'Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004 Text with EEA relevance'. 2011-10-25. Annex X, 2.c). Retrieved 2020-08-23.
- ^Switzerland Federal Administration – Press releases and speechesArchived 2011-01-17 at the Wayback Machine dd.mm.yyyy format seen in all languages.
- ^'Globalization Library – Locale Data: Switzerland (French, German, Italian)'. IBM. Archived from the original on 2009-08-09. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
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External links[edit]
- Index of NLS information page Global Development and Computing Portal, published by Microsoft. Links on page lead to individual country date formats.
As you may expect, dating is a little bit different in China than it is in most Western countries. The basics are the same—people are people everywhere—but there are still a few differences regarding culture and social cues to note.
Serious Dating Starts After School
Because of China’s rigorous college entrance examination, dating is rarely tolerated among high school students. They simply have too much work to do. That doesn’t mean that Chinese teens don’t have high school crushes or even relationships (mostly secret ones). But in general, Chinese students leave high school with a lot less romantic experience than their American counterparts. For a lot of Chinese people, serious dating starts after they’ve finished school.
Pragmatic Purposes
More so than Westerners, many Chinese view dating as a pragmatic affair. It’s not always about finding love so much as it is about finding a potential marriage partner who fits with one’s own ideals. For example, although many men get married without a house and a car, Chinese women will often say that they’re looking for these things because that’s the sort of person who probably has a stable career and will be able to provide for her and their future children in the long-term. It’s not always about love. As one contestant on China’s most popular dating show put it, 'I’d rather cry in a BMW than laugh on a bicycle.'
Parental Involvement
Every parent is different, of course, but in general Chinese parents expect to be more involved in their children’s relationships. It’s not uncommon for parents and grandparents to set their children up on blind dates with suitable matches they’ve found.
If their child’s significant other doesn’t meet with the parents’ approval, continuing the relationship will be very difficult. That’s why if you’re dating someone who is Chinese, it’s very important you make a good first impression with the parents!
Sex
In general, sex before marriage in China is less common and considered more serious than it is in many Western cultures. Attitudes toward sex are changing, especially in more cosmopolitan cities like Beijing and Shanghai, but in general, many Chinese women see sex as a sign that a relationship is headed towards marriage. Additionally, many Chinese men say they would prefer to marry a woman who hasn’t had premarital sex.
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Marriage
The ultimate goal of most relationships in China is marriage. Young Chinese adults are often under a lot of pressure from the elders in their family to find a good husband or wife and get married relatively early.
This pressure is particularly acute for women, who can be called “left-over women” if they pass the age of 26 or 27 without finding a husband. Men can find themselves similarly left-over if they wait too long to get married.
This is a big part of why dating is often taken so seriously. Chinese young people often feel like they don’t have the time to “play the field” that their Western counterparts are afforded by society.
Expectations
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The actual experience of dating in China can also be somewhat different. For example, you’ll often see Chinese couples wearing matching outfits, which is almost unheard of in the West. Many Chinese couples do not share the Western expectation that two people dating will maintain their own separate social lives and friend circles.
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Chinese couples also sometimes refer to each other as “husband” (老公) and “wife” (老婆) even when they’re not actually married—another indicator of the serious implications dating in China.
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Of course, these are all just generalizations, and they don’t apply to all Chinese people. More than tradition, society, or culture, dating in China is governed by what the specific individuals in the relationship think and feel, and it’s not too hard to find Chinese couples that don’t fit all or even any of the general observations above.